This area of genetic testing includes the analysis of hereditary variability in the organism's response, which is dependent on the use of clinically relevant drugs. The result of the examination is often decisive for the choice of the patient’s treatment in a number of diseases.
Pharmacogenetics or, more precisely, pharmacogenomics, is the study of how differences in our genes affect how drugs act on our bodies and how our bodies respond to those drugs. In this case, genetic predispositions affect the rate of metabolic processing (activation or breakdown) of a drug, its concentration in the blood, the effectiveness of treatment and the risk of side effects.
Differences in the rate of drug metabolism can be significant and drug levels in the body can vary by a factor of 10 just based on genetics. These extremes concern around 10% of people in our population. And such people are the patients for whom the applied treatment does not work at all. Or, conversely, a high rate of side effects leads to discontinuation.
The 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pyrimidine analogue is used in the chemotherapy of solid tumours, mainly of the colorectum, breast, head/neck, ovary and skin. The function of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, which is encoded by the DPYD gene, is important for its metabolism.
Delivery time: 3 working days
Thiopurine drugs (6-thioguanine, 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine) are used as anticancer drugs and immunosuppressants in the treatment of haemato-oncological diseases in children, autoimmune diseases, idiopathic intestinal inflammation and in transplantation.
Delivery time: 3 working days
Warfarin is a common oral anticoagulant. It has a relatively narrow therapeutic window, where insufficient and excessive doses can have fatal consequences for the patient - therefore, dosage is strictly individual. Besides other medications used and associated comorbidities, the dosage depends mainly on genetic predispositions.
Delivery time: 3 working days
Detection of mutations in the GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1 genes. The GSTT1 (Glutathione S Transferase T1) and GSTM1 (Glutathione S Transferase M1) genes encode detoxification enzymes involved in the breakdown of carcinogens and harmful metabolites. For this reason, they play an important role in carcinogenesis - the development of tumours in various tissues.
Delivery time: within 5 working days
The CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 isoenzymes metabolize more than a third of available drugs, including a large proportion of antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, opiates, clopidogrel, PPIs, etc. Gene variants, deletions or gene duplications are relatively common for these isoenzymes and alter the rate of drug metabolism.
Delivery time: 10 working days
The comprehensive pharmacogenetic panel detects variants in the most important genes for metabolising enzymes, membrane transporters and drug target receptors. The effect of enzymes on each drug varies. For some drugs, there are already global recommendations for dose adjustment or even relative contraindication based on detected gene variants. Thanks to the identified gene variants, the most appropriate drugs can be selected with minimal risk of adverse effects for a particular patient.
Delivery time: 3-4 months
Genetic predispositions affect, among other things, the rate of drug metabolism, blood concentrations, treatment effectiveness and the risk of side effects. Simply put, genetic analysis will help you find out what medication is right for you and at what dose, and which drugs to avoid, which will significantly speed up the selection of the appropriate treatment and increase its effectiveness.
You will receive the result within 10 working days.